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On 17 October 1949, Australia's governor-general, prime minister and the newly appointed head of the Snowy Mountains Hydro-electric Authority fired the first construction blast at Adaminaby, in the New South Wales high country, launching what would become the largest engineering project ever undertaken in Australia. The Snowy Mountains Scheme set out to do something that sounds almost implausible on paper: capture water from rivers flowing east off the Snowy Mountains toward the Pacific Ocean and redirect it inland instead, through a network of tunnels and dams, to generate hydroelectric power and irrigate the dry farmland of the Murray and Murrumbidgee river valleys.

The laughing kookaburra is one of Australia's most recognisable birds, famous for its loud, human-like call and its reputation as a snake hunter. But in Western Australia, the bird's presence is the result of a deliberate experiment that began in the late 19th century.

In 1936, a Florida landowner scattered melaleuca seeds from an aeroplane over the eastern edge of the Everglades, part of a deliberate, decades-long effort to dry out what was then widely viewed as unusable swampland and turn it into farmable ground. The tree, a fast-growing Australian species known as the paperbark, seemed perfectly suited to the task, since its roots draw up large volumes of water and release it through its leaves.