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The Obama-era Barack Obama nuclear agreement with Iran, known as the JCPOA, was a multilateral diplomatic deal reached in 2015 between Iran and the P5+1 countries. It aimed to prevent Iran from developing a nuclear weapon by imposing strict limits on uranium enrichment, reducing centrifuges, and establishing extensive International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspections. In return, Iran received relief from nuclear-related economic sanctions. Supporters argued the deal effectively extended Iran's "breakout time" and created one of the most intrusive verification systems ever negotiated. In contrast, Donald Trump withdrew the United States from the JCPOA in 2018, calling it a flawed and temporary agreement. His administration reinstated sanctions under a "maximum pressure" strategy, seeking to force Iran into a stronger, more permanent deal. Critics of the withdrawal argue it reduced transparency and allowed Iran to expand its nuclear capabilities, while supporters say it was necessary to address the deal's sunset clauses and broader regional concerns.